Design rules for Piping

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Piping

  • Diameter by velocity: d = √(4Q / πv) (water 1.5–3 m/s, steam 25–35 m/s, air 6–10 m/s)
  • Head loss (Darcy): hf = f·(L/D)·v²/2g
  • Wall thickness (B31.3): t = PD / 2(SE + PY) + c
  • Example: 50 m³/h at 2 m/s → d ≈ 94 mm → 4" NB

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Standards cited by number for reference; verify designs with a qualified engineer.